Knowing as Being, Knowing is Being

Is knowing always feeling?

I n a recent issue of PNAS, Maia and McClelland (1) report findings that raise questions regarding the interpretation of a highly influential neuropsychological study of decisionmaking behavior (2). That study has been interpreted widely as evidence that decision-making behavior is governed by emotional factors outside of awareness. The impact of Maia and McClelland’s study is not so much to ch...

The knowledge paradox: why knowing more is knowing less

To provide an explanation of the evolution of scientific knowledge, I start from the assumption that knowledge is based on concepts, and propose that each concept about reality is affected by vagueness. This entails a paradox, which I term Knowledge Paradox (KP): i.e. we need concepts to acquire knowledge about the real world but each concept is a step away from reality. The KP provides a unify...

Knowing How vs . Knowing That

More than forty years after Gilbert Ryle published his paper on "Knowing How and Knowing That" in 1945, 1 the problem of practical knowledge has still failed to establish for itself a secure position in the field of problems dealt with by analytic philosophers. Thus even today it can safely be asserted that it is discursive or theoretical knowledge, knowledge linguistically expressed, above all...

Construing Polanyi’s Tacit Knowing as Knowing by Acquaintance Rather than Knowing by Representation: Some Implications

Emancipatory knowing: Hidden necessity

Background & Aim: Knowledge patterns in nursing are key foundation elements for the development of knowledge and practice. Carper identified four fundamental knowledge patterns; empirical, personal, ethical and aesthetic. Chain and Kramer added the pattern of emancipatory knowledge to Carperchr('39')s patterns. The pattern of emancipatory knowledge in nursing has been neglected. The aim of this...